This report is meant as a state of the art on utilization of solid waste material for road construction and maintenance. There are many waste materials, but in Minnesota three products are of prime interest because they are available in such large quantities. These are: Taconite Tailings, Fly Ash, and Boiler Slag
Much study has been done on some of these large volume materials. Some of the successful uses found for these products are embankment fill, subbase, base, stabilize for soil or aggregate, paving aggregate, and bituminous mix components.
This report undoubtedly is not the "last word" on the subject of solid waste utilization. Some materials or uses may have been overlooked or neglected, but it is hoped that the overall local state picture is well represented. This report has attempted to show that there are some large volume waste materials, there are bona fide uses for them, and utilization could be expanded with some effort. This also applies to lesser volume materials that sometimes aren't recognized as being usable.
High quality aggregates for bituminous surface mixtures are becoming scarce in some parts of Minnesota. Some counties are using lower quality aggregates in wearing courses for their low traffic volume roads to reduce construction costs and to conserve the higher quality aggregates in their areas for other purposes. It should be mentioned that most areas of Minnesota have large quantities of sand and that these sands or finer aggregates are allowed in bituminous base courses and are performing adequately.
The purpose of this study is to determine if bituminous surfaces constructed with aggregate outside present MHD specification limits will perform adequately on low traffic, secondary roads. Wear resistance is the primary measure of acceptability for wearing courses constructed with finer aggregates for this study.
Projects were constructed in three counties with appropriate modifications in the MHD 2331 bituminous surfacing specification. Each of these projects was evaluated by visual observations. This report describes trial-mix laboratory tests, description of surfaced roadways prior to and after overlay, and performance observations.
During 1969, 1970 and 1971 density data were obtained on bituminous wearing courses that were being constructed on several Minnesota trunk highways. Data were collected and analyzed from randomly selected locations on five bituminous surfacing projects. A statistical analysis was also performed on results from eleven other bituminous projects and on laboratory test results. Variation was determined from these data by computing the mean and standard deviation to reveal existing variability in acceptable construction of bituminous wearing courses. The results were used to evaluate present specifications and to develop a new acceptance sampling plan. The plan is based on statistical concepts that will define the degree of acceptable variation upon which decisions can be made with an established degree of confidence. Proposed statistical specifications are presented.
During 1969, 1970 and 1971 density data were obtained on bituminous wearing courses that were being constructed on several Minnesota trunk highways. Data were collected and analyzed from randomly selected locations on five bituminous surfacing projects. A statistical analysis was also performed on results from eleven other bituminous projects and on laboratory test results. Variation was determined from these data by computing the mean and standard deviation to reveal existing variability in acceptable construction of bituminous wearing courses. The results were used to evaluate present specifications and to develop a new acceptance sampling plan. The plan is based on statistical concepts that will define the degree of acceptable variation upon which decisions can be made with an established degree of confidence. Proposed statistical specifications are presented.
During 1969, 1970 and 1971 density data were obtained on bituminous wearing courses that were being constructed on several Minnesota trunk highways. Data were collected and analyzed from randomly selected locations on five bituminous surfacing projects. A statistical analysis was also performed on results from eleven other bituminous projects and on laboratory test results. Variation was determined from these data by computing the mean and standard deviation to reveal existing variability in acceptable construction of bituminous wearing courses. The results were used to evaluate present specifications and to develop a new acceptance sampling plan. The plan is based on statistical concepts that will define the degree of acceptable variation upon which decisions can be made with an established degree of confidence. Proposed statistical specifications are presented.
During 1969, 1970 and 1971 density data were obtained on bituminous wearing courses that were being constructed on several Minnesota trunk highways. Data were collected and analyzed from randomly selected locations on five bituminous surfacing projects. A statistical analysis was also performed on results from eleven other bituminous projects and on laboratory test results. Variation was determined from these data by computing the mean and standard deviation to reveal existing variability in acceptable construction of bituminous wearing courses. The results were used to evaluate present specifications and to develop a new acceptance sampling plan. The plan is based on statistical concepts that will define the degree of acceptable variation upon which decisions can be made with an established degree of confidence. Proposed statistical specifications are presented.
During the fall of 1969 transverse cracks were sealed in a 13-mile section of bituminous pavement. Five hot-poured rubber asphalt sealers, three tack coat materials for priming the crack sidewall, a bond breaker and 40 different application procedures were used. Test sections were established to evaluate the materials and procedures. Field surveys were conducted to determine the amount of footage failed. Reference pins were also installed to measure crack movement. The field results were used to evaluate the materials and procedures incorporated in the study program.
This report describes a field study concerned with the evaluation of several joint scaling materials. Five liquid seals and seven preformed compression type seals were evaluated on a performance and economic basis.
Included in this report is the description of the installation of each joint seal material and the performance of the materials after about three winters of service in a concrete pavement with 39-feet joint spacing. Also presented are the material costs which were made available by the respective manufacturers.
