This report discusses the results of a study to quantify the performance of low-cost; centimeter-level accurate Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers that have appeared on the market in the last few years. Centimeter-level accuracy is achieved using a complex algorithm known as real-time kinematic (RTK) processing. It involves processing correction data from a ground network of GNSS receivers in addition to the signals transmitted by the GNSS satellites. This makes RTK-capable receivers costly (in excess of $10;000) and bulky; making them unsuitable for cost- and size-sensitive transportation applications (e.g.; driver assist systems in vehicles). If inexpensive GNSS receivers capable of generating a position solution with centimeter accuracy were widely available; they would push the GNSS revolution in ground transportation even further as an enabler of safety enhancements such as ubiquitous lane-departure warning systems and enhanced stability-control systems. Recently manufacturers have been advertising the availability of low-cost (< $1;000) RTK-capable receivers. The work described in this report provides an independent performance assessment of these receivers relative to high-end (and costly) receivers in realistic settings encountered in transportation applications.
