Cole, Melissa K.

Micro-milling provides an innovative way to rehabilitate asphalt pavements. Micro-milling uses a milling drum with more teeth and a tighter lacing pattern to create a smoother surface than the traditional milling process (about 3 times the teeth than regular milling heads). The smoother surface provides a better surface for thin overlays, ultra-thin bonded wearing course (UTBWC), chip seals, and microsurfacing.

MnDOT developed the plans and specifications to reconstruct three different pavement sections and repair another at the Minnesota Road Research Project (MnROAD) during the 2011 construction season. The concrete construction contract was awarded to C.S. McCrossan and work began August 1, 2011 and concluded mid September 2011. The stabilized full depth reclamation (SFDR) project was awarded to Midstate Reclamation and work began August 29, 2011 and finished in early September.

Bituminous test cell 4, on the Mainline at MnROAD was constructed in October 2008 as a partnership between Mn/DOT and Road Science LLC. Cores were taken by Road Science staff soon after construction and then filled the holes with an open graded Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). In the spring of 2010 significant heaving was noticed in the pavement surrounding the core hole areas. It was decided that a small scale forensic be conducted to determine what caused the heaving in these areas in conjunction of repairing the pavements.

This report summarizes lessons learned in evaluating the bonding strength of hot mix asphalt (HMA) layers. Testing included: determining an optimal range for the bond strength of a tacked hot mix asphalt interface, and implementing the findings. The research method used a Florida Bond Test fixture along with a Marshall asphalt mixture testing load frame to evaluate tack bond shear strength and deformation. Specimens were obtained from state, county and city paving projects from around Minnesota. Results were compared to related research conducted in the United States. Recommendations for a tack bond test program: Equipment includes the Marshall load frame already used by many HMA laboratories, HMTS software or similar, and the Florida Bond Test apparatus. Follow Minnesota modifications of Florida Bond Test protocol. Compute the average and standard deviation of peak shear stress from specimen sets. Cores exhibiting layer separation during coring or during removal will be included in the specimen set and assigned a peak shear stress of 0 psi. Average peak shear stress will be 100 psi or greater. The standard deviation of peak shear stress will be 25 psi or less.

Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS) include both manufacture waste scrap shingles (MWSS) and post-consumer tearoff scrap shingles (TOSS). It is estimated that Minnesota generates more than 200,000 tons of shingle waste each year. Recently, a portion of this waste has been incorporated into hot-mixed asphalt (HMA) pavement mixtures. The current technology limits the amount of RAS in HMA to no more than 5 percent by weight. This leaves a lot of underutilized shingle waste material throughout the state. This has prompted MnDOT to investigate other potential uses RAS. One potential use is to improve the performance of gravel surfacing and reduce dust by replacing common additives such as calcium chlorides with RAS. This is especially relevant as gravel sources in Minnesota have been depleted and/or have declined in quality, which has affected the performance of gravel surfacing. These poorer quality fines can increase the amount of dust generated and increase the difficulty of keeping the roadway smooth. Some agencies have used dust control additives to help the performance of these lower quality gravels. Successful implementation has the potential of removing valuable RAS materials from the waste stream to supplement the use of more expensive virgin materials and improve the performance of local roads.

The higher costs of hot-mix asphalt pavement are causing more agencies to choose pavement preservation techniques to maintain their pavements. Some agencies have experienced stripping of the asphalt surface under chip seals, this distress appears to occur mostly in urban areas on curb and gutter streets. The main objective of the study was to determine what causes the stripping and to develop test methods to determine if the street will strip prior to placement of the chip seal. Both field and lab methods were used. Research focused on determining air voids, permeability, and density of the samples. Once these were determined, correlations were developed to determine the conclusions.