Synthesis of Material Application Methodologies for Winter Operations

Winter roadway operations, commonly known as snow/ice control operations, are one of the most critical functions of state, provincial and local transportation agencies in cold regions. These operations aim to provide safety and mobility by timely and effective application of materials and plowing. The most common materials used are salt (sodium chloride, solid and brine), magnesium chloride-based, and calcium chloride-based deicers, agro-based additives and blends, and abrasives, with the specific choice and application method and rate dependent on temperature, precipitation type, level of service goals, budget, and environmental sustainability. Best practices of material application are designed to apply the right type and amount of materials in the right place at the right time. A companion document to this report, the “Material Application Methodologies Guidebook,” synthesizes the use of materials, including application strategies, application rates, and application equipment. This report documents the literature review and agency interviews that were conducted to assemble the information for the Guidebook.