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DOTs and other transportation agencies are increasingly using automated methods for snowplow route optimization, which have been demonstrated to produce significant savings when they result in the implementation of new routes. However, many route optimization projects have fallen short of implementation due to technical/operational issues with the routes produced or institutional barriers to change. These shortcomings can be substantially mitigated with improvements to the process of soliciting, selecting, and managing the route optimization software or service provider. This project’s objective was to provide DOTs with the tools needed to make these improvements. The key lessons from this project are provided in two complementary documents: a Decision Support Guidance document and a Contracting Language Template. The Decision Support Guidance provides DOT staff with an accessible and in-depth discussion of the technical requirements for route optimization and the key decisions DOTs should consider when developing the project scope and managing a provider. The Contracting Language Template provides DOTs with a flexible template to assist with the development of a scope of work for a Request for Proposals (RFP) for automated snowplow route optimization services. The language suggested in the Contracting document is intended to ensure that DOTs and service providers have a shared understanding of the scope of work that the DOT requires and to maximize the likelihood that the project will result in safe, feasible, implementation-ready routes.

In recent years, many states have experienced heavy burdens on their snow and ice control budgets. Increases in winter/spring precipitation results in increased costs to state DOTs for winter roadway maintenance materials (salt, sand, chemicals, etc.), plow operator time, equipment maintenance and replacement budgets, and fuel use. As state DOTs adjust to climate conditions that include not only more precipitation, but more severe and unpredictable weather events, it will become increasingly important to integrate the cost of roadway snow and ice control (RSIC) operations into their capital-project planning processes. The overall goal of this project was to support state DOTs’ operations & maintenance efforts by developing an automated method for quantifying the expected impact that new capital projects will have on RSIC operations. The effects of a new suburban roadway were found to be the most significant, requiring 266 vehicle-minutes of travel along with almost 40 minutes of additional service time or one additional fleet truck for each mile of new roadway. The results and findings of this research have implications for short-term funding allocations for RSIC operations staff and for long-term consideration of RSIC in the highway planning and design processes. The findings of this project provide defensible data for operations staff to advocate for increases in funding to offset the increased RSIC burden when a project is completed. The calculation tool created incorporates all of the results above into a MS Excel decision support platform, providing quick estimates of the monetary impact of a variety of major highway project types.

Well-­designed winter maintenance routes result in snow and ice control service that is both more effective, because roads are cleared more rapidly, and more cost-­efficient, because deadheading, route overlap and other inefficiencies are reduced or eliminated. There are an increasing number of computerized tools to facilitate the routing process, but these tools are not yet widely used by winter maintenance practitioners. The purpose of this report is to provide practitioners with an overview of computerized route optimization processes and concrete recommendations about how to ensure that route improvement efforts produce actionable results. Recommendations are synthesized from nine recent and ongoing snowplow routing projects using a variety of computerized routing tools. Project descriptions, based on interviews with project personnel, focus on project goals, optimization software features used, and lessons learned. Multiple route optimization projects report route length reductions on the order of 5% to 10%, with reductions as high as 50% reported in one case. These snowplow route optimization projects show that route optimization is a powerful tool for improving routing efficiency but that it does not replace the need for expert judgment in the route design process. Successful route optimization projects rely on close cooperation between experienced winter maintenance professionals and the individuals conducting the route optimization as well as a highly accurate, snowplow-­routing specific representation of the road network. Successful projects also include time to review and revise new routes to identify potential problem spots prior to implementation.

Winter storms have increased in frequency and intensity since the 1950s, and average annual precipitation is projected to continue to increase across the northern United States. In response to these trends, many states have developed, or are interested in developing, emergency-response plans for extreme winter storm events. This report provides a series of six emergency-response plan case studies as well as a synthesis of best practices related to emergency-response planning for extreme winter weather. It is intended to provide a blueprint for transportation agencies seeking to develop or improve their own extreme winter weather emergency-response plans, including how to coordinate an effective response across multiple agencies and jurisdictions.